The Headless Romans of York: Who Were the Men Buried Without Their Heads?
The first clue was not a weapon, a coin or an inscription. It was a human skull. When archaeologists excavated a Roman cemetery at Driffield Terrace in York, they uncovered something deeply unusual: row after row of young adult male skeletons, many of them missing their heads. But the strangest detail was not simply that the men had been decapitated. In several cases, their heads had been deliberately placed elsewhere within the grave. Some rested on the chest. Others had been positioned between the legs or near the feet. These were not the ordinary burials of a Roman cemetery. More than 80 individuals were eventually identified at the site, and at least half showed evidence of decapitation. Most were young or middle-aged men, many of them physically robust, with some skeletons carrying evidence of injuries sustained during life. For archaeologists, the cemetery presented an extraordinary problem. Who were these men? And perhaps more importantly, why were so many of t...